Prácticas de autocuidado en el adulto mayor con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo II / Self-care prectices in the elderly with Diabetes Mellitus II

Objetivo: Describir la vivencia del cuidado y el autocuidado en el adulto mayor diagnosticado de diabetes mellitus II. Material y método: Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico de enfoque explicativo-interpretativo. Se persigue entender las vivencias ante los autocuidados en personas diabéticas mayores de 65 años. Se lleva a término en el CAP Les Planes de Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona (España). Se realizó un muestreo opinático, no probabilístico intencionado y razonado. La muestra final se compuso de 13 participantes. Para la recogida de datos se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada e individual. Las entrevistas se llevaron a cabo entre junio del 2019 y diciembre del 2020. Se realizó un análisis temático siendo concomitante a la recogida de estos. Resultados: El diagnóstico de diabetes supone para la persona el conocimiento sobre la pérdida de su salud, de la vivencia de este momento dependerá la forma en que afrontará la enfermedad. La mayoría de los pacientes de este estudio afirman no haber recibido ningún tipo de información sobre los cuidados a realizar respecto a la dieta, el ejercicio físico o el cuidado de los pies, aunque sí que recuerdan el tratamiento farmacológico. Conclusiones: El cuidado de enfermería en las personas con Diabetes Mellitus tipo II debe incluir la consideración de los aspectos físicos, tecnológicos, económicos y educativos de la persona cuidada, adaptando la planificación de los cuidados a cada una de ellas, según dichos factores. (AU)

Objective: To describe the experience of care and self-care in the elderly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus II Material and method: Qualitative phenomenological study with an explanatory-interpretive approach. The aim is to understand the experiences of self-care in diabetic people over 65 years of age. It takes place at the CAP Les Planes de Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona (Spain). An opinionated, non-probabilistic intentional and reasoned sampling was carried out. The final sample consisted of 13 participants. For data collection, the semi-structured and individual interview was used. The interviews were carried out between June 2019 and December 2020. A thematic analysis was carried out, concomitant with the collection of these. Results: Diagnosis of diabetes supposes for the person the knowledge about the loss of his health, the experience of this moment will depend on the way in which he will face the disease. Most of the patients in this study claim not to have received any type of information about the care to be taken regarding diet, physical exercise or foot care, although they do remember the pharmacological treatment Conclusions: Nursing care in people with type II Diabetes Mellitus should include the consideration of the physical, technological, economic and educational aspects of the person cared for, adapting the care planning to each one of them, according to these factors. (AU)

Autocuidado de los pies en personas con diabetes tipo 2. Un estudio cualitativo / "Self-care of the feet in people with type 2 diabetes. A qualitative study"

Objetivo: Entender las vivencias de los adultos mayores de 65 años con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 respecto al autocuidado de los pies. Método: Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico de enfoque descriptivo. Se lleva a término en las dependencias del Centro de Atención Primaria de Les Planes de Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, perteneciente al Instituto Catalán de la Salud. Para la recogida de datos se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada e individual, con un guion de aspectos básicos a explorar, no cerrado y centrado en los objetivos de la investigación. Las entrevistas se llevaron a cabo entre junio del 2019 y diciembre del 2020. Se realizó un análisis temático siendo concomitante a la recogida de estos. Resultados: Una muestra final de 13 personas (4 hombres y 9 mujeres) participaron en el estudio. La adherencia a las recomendaciones del autocuidado del pie diabético es irregular. Los participantes explican conductas de riesgo a pesar de saber que pueden suponer una lesión para unos pies considerados previamente de alto riesgo. La valoración del podólogo supone un coste económico que no pueden permitirse algunas personas. Conclusiones: La enfermera ha de hacer un seguimiento exhaustivo de cómo las personas con diabetes cuidan sus pies, insistiendo en las recomendaciones preventivas no solo en la revisión anual, sino cada vez que la persona acude a la consulta de seguimiento de la diabetes. Es necesaria una comunicación efectiva enfermera-podólogo para mejorar la prevención y el seguimiento de las personas con riesgo de sufrir pie diabético.(AU)

Objective: To understand the experiences of adults over 65 years of age with type 2 diabetes mellitus, regarding foot self-care. Method: Qualitative phenomenological study with a descriptive approach. It is carried out in the facilities of the Primary Care Center of Les Planes de Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, belonging to the Catalan Institute of Health. For the data collection, a semi-structured and individual interview was used, with a script of basic aspects to be explored, not closed and focused on the objectives of the research. The interviews were carried out between June 2019 and December 2020. A thematic analysis was carried out concomitantly with the collection of these. Results: A final sample of 13 persons (4 men and 9 women) participated in the study. Adherence to diabetic foot self-care recommendations is irregular. Participants explain risky behaviors despite knowing that they can cause injury to feet previously considered high risk. The evaluation of the podiatrist supposes an economic cost that some people cannot afford. Conclusions. The nurse has to do an exhaustive follow-up of how persons with diabetes take care of her feet, insisting on preventive recommendations not only in the annual review but every time the person attends the diabetes follow-up consultation. Effective nurse-podiatrist communication is needed to improve prevention and follow-up of people at risk of diabetic foot disease.

Self-care of the feet in people with type 2 diabetes. A qualitative study.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the experiences of adults over 65 years of age with type 2 diabetes mellitus, regarding foot self-care. METHOD: Qualitative phenomenological study with a descriptive approach. It is carried out in the facilities of the Primary Care Center of Les Planes de Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, belonging to the Catalan Institute of Health. For the data collection, a semi-structured and individual interview was used, with a script of basic aspects to be explored, not closed and focused on the objectives of the research. The interviews were carried out between June 2019 and December 2020. A thematic analysis was carried out concomitantly with the collection of these. RESULTS: A final sample of 13 persons (4 men and 9 women) participated in the study. Adherence to diabetic foot self-care recommendations is irregular. Participants explain risky behaviours despite knowing that they can cause injury to feet previously considered high risk. The evaluation of the podiatrist supposes an economic cost that some people cannot afford. CONCLUSIONS: The nurse has to do an exhaustive follow-up of how persons with diabetes take care of her feet, insisting on preventive recommendations not only in the annual review but every time the person attends the diabetes follow-up consultation. Effective nurse-podiatrist communication is needed to improve prevention and follow-up of people at risk of diabetic foot disease.